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高中英語語法-定語從句常見錯誤例析

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高中英語語法-定語從句常見錯誤例析

  定語從句常見錯誤例析

    一 . 誤用關系詞

    1. I'll never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.

    2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.

    分析:定語從句的先行詞是表示時間或地點的名詞或代詞時,引導定語從句的關系詞不一定都是 when 或 where .關系詞的選擇主要取決于定語從句中的謂語動詞。如果從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞而且其后沒有賓語,就用關系代詞 that 或 which 作賓語。如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物動詞或者是后面已經有了賓語的及物動詞,就用關系副詞。在句 1 和句 2 中,從句謂語動詞 spent 和 visit 都是及物動詞,而且后面又沒有賓語,所以應分別將 when 和 where 改為 that 或 which .

    二 . 賓語重復

    1. As we all know it, the earth is round.

    2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.

    分析:如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語,則謂語動詞后面就不能再有賓語。在句 1 中,關系代詞 as 作從句謂語動詞 know 的賓語,因此, it 就是多余的,應去掉。在句 2 中,關系代詞 that 在從句中作動詞 see 的賓語,因此 it 也是多余的,應去掉。

    三 . 缺少先行詞或關系詞

    1. Is this park where his father works?

    2. I went to the village they grew up.

    分析:定語從句前面必須有先行詞和關系詞。在句 1 中,關系副詞 where 前缺少先行詞,所以應在 where 前面加上先行詞 the one (代表 this park )。在句 2 中,先行詞 the village 和定語從句之間缺少關系詞,謂語動詞 grew up 為不及物動詞,所以應在先行詞 the village 后面加上關系副詞 where .

    四 . whose 的誤用

    1. I live in a house whose the window faces south.

    2. This is the student whose's parents died in the fire.

    分析: whose 在定語從句中作定語時,應將其放到被修飾的名詞前面,該名詞前不能再有其他限定詞。因此句 1 中應去掉 window 前面的定冠詞 the .句 2 中的 whose's 是錯誤的,因此應去掉 s 。

    五 . 忽略標點符號的作用

    1. The old man has three sons, all of them are workers.

    2. Don't carry the pan out of the kitchen, in that case you might have the house on fire.

    分析:在使用定語從句時,如果主句和從句之間用了逗號,就意味著逗號后面是一個非限制性定語從句。如果關系詞出現在介詞的后面,則應為關系代詞 whom, whose (指人)或 which (指物),不應該為 that 或 them .因此句 1 中的 them 應改為 whom ,句 2 中的 that 應改為 which .

    六 . 錯認先行詞

    1. I was the only one in the office that was invited to the party.

    2. Do you remember one afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place?

    分析:一般來說,先行詞后面緊跟著關系詞,其次再跟定語從句。但有時出于意思上的需要而在先行詞和關系詞之間插入了其他成分。在這種情況下確定哪一個是先行詞,便是正確理解句子的關鍵。在句 1 中,先行詞是 the only one 而不是 the office .因此應將 that 改為 who ,以免引起誤解。在句 2 中,先行詞是 one afternoon 而不是 America ,故應將 where 改為 when .

    七 . 不注重固定搭配

    1. Such person like him can't be depended on.

    2. He went to the same university which his brother did.

    分析:當先行詞被 such 或 the same 修飾時,其后的定語從句常由 as 引導,因此, such as 和 the same as 是固定搭配。所以,應將句中 1 中的 like 改為 as ;將句 2 中的 which 改為 as .

    八 . 主謂不一致

    1. I, who is your brother, have the right to prevent you from doing that.

    2. She is one of the students who has passed the exam this time.

    分析:定語從句中的謂語動詞和先行詞在人稱和數上保持一致。句 1 中的先行詞是 I ,因此定語從句中的謂語動詞 is 應改為 am .但當先行詞是 one of 后面的 the students 時,定語從句的謂語動詞常為復數形式;如果 one 前面有 the only , the very , the last 修飾,則說明先行詞是 one ,定語從句謂語動詞常為單數形式。因此,句 2 中的 has 應改為 have 或在 one 前面加修飾語 the only 或 the very .

    九 . 與其它從句混淆

    1. This is the house in which he lives.

    2. This is the house where he lives.

    3. This is where he lives.

    4. This is in which he lives.

    分析:這四個句子中,前三個句子是對的。第四個句子是錯的,因為 in which 不能在此句中引導表語從句。由于 in which 前面缺少先行詞,因此也不能認為 in which he lives 是定語從句。

    十 . 誤用 as 和 which

    1. Bamboo is hollow, as makes it very light.

    2. Which we all know, the earth is round.

    分析: as 和 which 用來引導定語從句時,它們之間的區別在于:引導定語從句的 as 可以放到主句前面也可以放到主句后面,而引導定語從句的 which 只能放到主句后面。 as 引導的定語從句表示正像那樣,正如。例如: as is often the case (這是常有的事), as we all can see (我們可以看得見), as is known to all (大家都知道), as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那樣), as is announced (正如所宣布的那樣)。因此句 1 中的 as 應改為 which , which 在意思上指前面整個主句的內容,如果用 as ,無論從意思上看還是搭配上看都不對;句 2 中的 which 應改為 as .

  定語從句常見錯誤例析

    一 . 誤用關系詞

    1. I'll never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.

    2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.

    分析:定語從句的先行詞是表示時間或地點的名詞或代詞時,引導定語從句的關系詞不一定都是 when 或 where .關系詞的選擇主要取決于定語從句中的謂語動詞。如果從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞而且其后沒有賓語,就用關系代詞 that 或 which 作賓語。如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物動詞或者是后面已經有了賓語的及物動詞,就用關系副詞。在句 1 和句 2 中,從句謂語動詞 spent 和 visit 都是及物動詞,而且后面又沒有賓語,所以應分別將 when 和 where 改為 that 或 which .

    二 . 賓語重復

    1. As we all know it, the earth is round.

    2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.

    分析:如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語,則謂語動詞后面就不能再有賓語。在句 1 中,關系代詞 as 作從句謂語動詞 know 的賓語,因此, it 就是多余的,應去掉。在句 2 中,關系代詞 that 在從句中作動詞 see 的賓語,因此 it 也是多余的,應去掉。

    三 . 缺少先行詞或關系詞

    1. Is this park where his father works?

    2. I went to the village they grew up.

    分析:定語從句前面必須有先行詞和關系詞。在句 1 中,關系副詞 where 前缺少先行詞,所以應在 where 前面加上先行詞 the one (代表 this park )。在句 2 中,先行詞 the village 和定語從句之間缺少關系詞,謂語動詞 grew up 為不及物動詞,所以應在先行詞 the village 后面加上關系副詞 where .

    四 . whose 的誤用

    1. I live in a house whose the window faces south.

    2. This is the student whose's parents died in the fire.

    分析: whose 在定語從句中作定語時,應將其放到被修飾的名詞前面,該名詞前不能再有其他限定詞。因此句 1 中應去掉 window 前面的定冠詞 the .句 2 中的 whose's 是錯誤的,因此應去掉 s 。

    五 . 忽略標點符號的作用

    1. The old man has three sons, all of them are workers.

    2. Don't carry the pan out of the kitchen, in that case you might have the house on fire.

    分析:在使用定語從句時,如果主句和從句之間用了逗號,就意味著逗號后面是一個非限制性定語從句。如果關系詞出現在介詞的后面,則應為關系代詞 whom, whose (指人)或 which (指物),不應該為 that 或 them .因此句 1 中的 them 應改為 whom ,句 2 中的 that 應改為 which .

    六 . 錯認先行詞

    1. I was the only one in the office that was invited to the party.

    2. Do you remember one afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place?

    分析:一般來說,先行詞后面緊跟著關系詞,其次再跟定語從句。但有時出于意思上的需要而在先行詞和關系詞之間插入了其他成分。在這種情況下確定哪一個是先行詞,便是正確理解句子的關鍵。在句 1 中,先行詞是 the only one 而不是 the office .因此應將 that 改為 who ,以免引起誤解。在句 2 中,先行詞是 one afternoon 而不是 America ,故應將 where 改為 when .

    七 . 不注重固定搭配

    1. Such person like him can't be depended on.

    2. He went to the same university which his brother did.

    分析:當先行詞被 such 或 the same 修飾時,其后的定語從句常由 as 引導,因此, such as 和 the same as 是固定搭配。所以,應將句中 1 中的 like 改為 as ;將句 2 中的 which 改為 as .

    八 . 主謂不一致

    1. I, who is your brother, have the right to prevent you from doing that.

    2. She is one of the students who has passed the exam this time.

    分析:定語從句中的謂語動詞和先行詞在人稱和數上保持一致。句 1 中的先行詞是 I ,因此定語從句中的謂語動詞 is 應改為 am .但當先行詞是 one of 后面的 the students 時,定語從句的謂語動詞常為復數形式;如果 one 前面有 the only , the very , the last 修飾,則說明先行詞是 one ,定語從句謂語動詞常為單數形式。因此,句 2 中的 has 應改為 have 或在 one 前面加修飾語 the only 或 the very .

    九 . 與其它從句混淆

    1. This is the house in which he lives.

    2. This is the house where he lives.

    3. This is where he lives.

    4. This is in which he lives.

    分析:這四個句子中,前三個句子是對的。第四個句子是錯的,因為 in which 不能在此句中引導表語從句。由于 in which 前面缺少先行詞,因此也不能認為 in which he lives 是定語從句。

    十 . 誤用 as 和 which

    1. Bamboo is hollow, as makes it very light.

    2. Which we all know, the earth is round.

    分析: as 和 which 用來引導定語從句時,它們之間的區別在于:引導定語從句的 as 可以放到主句前面也可以放到主句后面,而引導定語從句的 which 只能放到主句后面。 as 引導的定語從句表示正像那樣,正如。例如: as is often the case (這是常有的事), as we all can see (我們可以看得見), as is known to all (大家都知道), as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那樣), as is announced (正如所宣布的那樣)。因此句 1 中的 as 應改為 which , which 在意思上指前面整個主句的內容,如果用 as ,無論從意思上看還是搭配上看都不對;句 2 中的 which 應改為 as .

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